User:Mr. Ibrahem/Isotretinoin
Clinical data | |
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Pronunciation | See note at tretinoin |
Trade names | Accutane, Roaccutane, others[1] |
Other names | 13-cis-retinoic acid |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a681043 |
License data |
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Pregnancy category |
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Routes of administration | By mouth, topical |
Drug class | Retinoid[2] |
Legal status | |
Legal status | |
Pharmacokinetic data | |
Bioavailability | Variable |
Protein binding | 99.9% |
Metabolism | Liver |
Elimination half-life | 10–20 hours |
Excretion | Kidney and fecal |
Identifiers | |
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Chemical and physical data | |
Formula | C20H28O2 |
Molar mass | 300.442 g·mol−1 |
3D model (JSmol) | |
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Isotretinoin, sold under the brand name Accutane among others, is a medication primarily used to treat severe acne.[2] Specifically it is used for acne that is nodular and has not improved with other treatments.[2] Other uses include psoriasis, ichthyosis, and certain cancers.[2] It is taken by mouth or applied to the skin.[2][3]
Common side effects include inflammed lips, high blood triglycerides, joint pain, and muscle pain.[2] Other side effects may include sexual problems, increased susceptibility to sunburn, hair loss, and mental health problems.[3] Isotretinoin is known to cause birth defects and effective birth control is required starting a month before beginning treatment.[3] It is a retinoid, meaning it is related to vitamin A and tretinoin.[2] It is believed to work via altering sebaceous gland function.[2]
It was patented in 1969 and approved for medical use in 1982.[4] While it remains avaliable under a number of generic names the original brand name was discontinued in 2009 due to a combination of low sales and multiple lawsuits over side effects.[5] In the United States and United Kingdom special programs are in place to decrease the risk of women becoming pregnant while using the medication.[2][3] In the United Kingdom 20 mg per day for a month costs the NHS about 17 pounds.[3]
References[edit]
- ^ "Isotretinoin international brands". Drugs.com. Retrieved 1 June 2017.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Isotretinoin Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
- ^ a b c d e BNF 79. London: Pharmaceutical Press. March 2020. p. 1308. ISBN 978-0857113658.
- ^ Fischer, Jnos; Ganellin, C. Robin (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. p. 476. ISBN 978-3-527-60749-5.
- ^ DeNoon, Daniel J. "Acne Drug Accutane No Longer Sold". WebMD. Retrieved 5 October 2020.