List of formal systems

This is a list of formal systems, also known as logical calculi.

Mathematical[edit]

Functional calculus, a way to apply various types of functions to operators
Matrix calculus, a specialized notation for multivariable calculus over spaces of matrices
Umbral calculus, the combinatorics of certain operations on polynomials
Vector calculus (also called vector analysis), comprising specialized notations for multivariable analysis of vectors in an inner-product space

Predicate calculus, specifies the rules of inference governing the logic of predicates
Propositional calculus, specifies the rules of inference governing the logic of propositions

Modal μ-calculus, a common temporal logic used by formal verification methods such as model checking
Lambda calculus, a formulation of the theory of reflexive functions that has deep connections to computational theory
- Kappa calculus, a reformulation of the first-order fragment of typed lambda calculus
- Rho calculus, introduced as a general means to uniformly integrate rewriting into lambda calculus
Process calculus, a set of approaches to formulating formal models of concurrent systems
- Ambient calculus, a family of models for concurrent systems based on the concept of agent mobility
- Join calculus, a theoretical model for the design of distributed programming languages
- π-calculus, a formulation of the theory of concurrent, communicating processes, that was invented by Robin Milner
Relational calculus, a calculus for the relational data model
- Domain relational calculus
- Tuple calculus, inspired the SQL language
Refinement calculus, a way of refining models of programs into efficient programs

Formal ethics – formal logical system for describing and evaluating the "form" as opposed to the "content" of ethical principles

Music is a formal system too. Please have editors illuminate on this.