Chelkan language
| Chelkan | |
|---|---|
| Kuu-Kizhi, Chalkan | |
| куу, чалканду | |
| Native to | Russia |
| Region | Altai Republic |
| Ethnicity | Chelkans |
Native speakers | 648 (2021)[1] |
Turkic
| |
| Cyrillic script | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
| Glottolog | chel1242 |
 A map of the Altai languages, including Chelkan (in red). | |
Chelkan (also Chalkan, Chalqandu) is a Turkic language spoken in the Altai Republic in Russia.
The Chelkans[edit]
The Chelkans are sometimes called "Lebeds" (Russian: Лебедины, Lebediny), of the name of the river which runs through the Altai Republic, or Qu'Kiji. In the 2002 Russian census, their population rose to 855 people.
Internal classification[edit]
Chelkan is classified in the Siberian Turkic languages. It is considered to be a dialect of Northern Altai. Chelkan, aside from knowing Chelkan, can also understand Tubalar and Kumandin.
Phonology[edit]
Consonants[edit]
| Labial | Alveolar | Postalveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | /m/ | /n/ | /ɲ/ | /ŋ/ | ||||
| Stop | voiceless | /p/ | /t/ | /k/ | /q/ | |||
| voiced | /d/ | /g/ | ||||||
| Fricative | voiceless | /s/ | /ʃ/ | /ħ/ | ||||
| voiced | /β/ | /z/ | /ʒ/ | /ɣ/ | ||||
| Approximant | /w/ | /l/ | /j/ | |||||
| Vibrant | /r/ | |||||||
Vowels[edit]
| Front | Back | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| unrounded | rounded | unrounded | rounded | |||||
| short | long | short | long | short | long | short | long | |
| Close | i | iː | ʏ | ʏː | ɪ | ɪː | ʊ | ʊː |
| e | eː | |||||||
| Mid | œ | œː | ɔ | ɔː | ||||
| Open | ɑ | ɑː | ||||||
Orthography[edit]
In 2008, an alphabet was created for the Chelkan language.
| А а | Б б | В в | Г г | Ӷ ӷ | Д д | Ј ј | Е е | Ё ё | Ж ж |
| З з | И и | Й й | К к | Л л | М м | Н н | Ң ң | О о | Ӧ ӧ |
| П п | Р р | С с | Т т | У у | Ӱ ӱ | Ф ф | Х х | Ц ц | Ч ч |
| Ш ш | Щ щ | Ъ ъ | Ы ы | Ь ь | Э э | Ю ю | Я я |
In 2017-18, the alphabet was modified with the addition of the letter Њ њ.
| А а | Б б | В в | Г г | Ғ ғ | Д д | Ј ј | Е е | Ё ё | Ж ж |
| З з | И и | Й й | К к | Қ қ | Л л | М м | Н н | Ҥ ҥ | Њ њ |
| О о | Ӧ ӧ | П п | Р р | С с | Т т | У у | Ӱ ӱ | Ф ф | Х х |
| Ц ц | Ч ч | Ш ш | Щ щ | Ъ ъ | Ы ы | Ь ь | Э э | Ю ю | Я я |
Notes and references[edit]
- ^ 7. НАСЕЛЕНИЕ НАИБОЛЕЕ МНОГОЧИСЛЕННЫХ НАЦИОНАЛЬНОСТЕЙ ПО РОДНОМУ ЯЗЫКУ
- ^ a b "Челканский | Малые языки России". minlang.iling-ran.ru. Retrieved 2024-06-12.
Sources[edit]
- (ru) Баскаков, Н.A., Диалект чернёвых татар (туба-кижи), Северные диалекты алтаиского (ойротского) языка, 2 volumes, Moscou, Nauka, 1965–1966.
External links[edit]
- Ethnologue: Languages of the World (unknown ed.). SIL International.[This citation is dated, and should be substituted with a specific edition of Ethnologue], which is incorrect about Northern Altai dialects, for which it gives names of southern dialects as alternative names.
- (en) Chelkan on the Russian UNESCO website for Siberian languages