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:''This article is about the American actor. For the seismologist, see [[Tom Hanks (seismologist)]].''
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{{Essay-like|article|date=December 2007}}
{{Infobox Actor
| image = Tom Hanks, February 2004.jpg
| caption = Tom Hanks, 2007.
| birthname = Thomas Jeffrey Hanks
| birthdate = {{birth date and age|1956|7|9}}
| birthplace = [[Concord, California]], [[United States|USA]]
| yearsactive = 1979 - present
| occupation = Actor, producer, director, [[voice over artist]], writer
| spouse = [[Rita Wilson]] (1988-present) <br>[[Samantha Lewes]] (1978-1987)
| academyawards = '''[[Academy Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]''' <br> 1993 ''[[Philadelphia (film)|Philadelphia]]''<br> 1994 ''[[Forrest Gump (film)|Forrest Gump]]''
| goldenglobeawards = '''[[Golden Globe Award for Best Actor - Motion Picture Drama|Best Actor - Motion Picture Drama]]''' <br> 1994 ''[[Philadelphia (film)|Philadelphia]]'' <br> 1995 ''[[Forrest Gump (film)|Forrest Gump]]'' <br> 2001 ''[[Cast Away]]'' <br> '''[[Golden Globe Award for Best Actor - Motion Picture Musical or Comedy|Best Actor - Motion Picture Musical or Comedy]]''' <br> 1989 ''[[Big (film)|Big]]''
| emmyawards = '''[[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing for a Miniseries, Movie or Dramatic Special|Outstanding Directing - Miniseries, Movie/Dramatic Special]]''' <br> 2002 ''[[Band of Brothers]]'' <br> '''[[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Miniseries|Outstanding Miniseries]]''' <br> 1998 ''[[From the Earth to the Moon (miniseries)|From The Earth To The Moon]]''<br>2002 ''[[Band of Brothers]]''
| sagawards = '''[[Screen Actors Guild Award for Best Actor - Motion Picture|Best Actor - Motion Picture]]''' <br> 1994 ''[[Forrest Gump (film)|Forrest Gump]]'' <br> '''[[Screen Actors Guild Award for Best Cast in a Motion Picture|Best Cast - Motion Picture]]''' <br> 1995 ''[[Apollo 13 (film)|Apollo 13]]''
| awards = '''[[Saturn Award for Best Actor (film)]]'''<br> 1988 ''[[Big (film)|Big]]'' <br>'''[[Berlin Film Festival|Berlin Silver Bear for Best Actor]]'''<br>1994 ''[[Philadelphia (film)|Philadelphia]]'' <br>'''[[New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actor|NYFCC Award for Best Actor]]''' <br> 2000 ''[[Cast Away]]'' <br> '''[[AFI Life Achievement Award]]''' <br> 2002 Lifetime Achievement<br>'''[[Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Actor|LAFCA Award for Best Actor]]'''<br>1988 ''[[Big]]''; ''[[Punchline (film)|Punchline]]''
}}

'''Thomas Jeffrey "Tom" Hanks''' (born [[July 9]] [[1956]]) is an [[United States|American]] [[film actor]], [[Film director|director]], [[voice-over artist]], [[writer]] and [[film producer]]. Hanks worked in television and family-friendly comedies before achieving success as a dramatic actor portraying several notable roles, including Andrew Beckett in ''[[Philadelphia (film)|Philadelphia]]'', the title role in ''[[Forrest Gump (film)|Forrest Gump]]'', Captain John H. Miller in ''[[Saving Private Ryan]]'' and Michael Sullivan in ''[[Road To Perdition]]''. He is also one of only three actors in the history of film to have seven consecutive [[United States dollar|US$]]100 million [[Blockbuster (entertainment)|blockbusters]], the two others being [[Tom Cruise]] and [[Will Smith]].{{Fact|date=April 2008}}

==Biography==
===Early life===
Hanks was born in [[Concord, California]]. His father, Amos Mefford Hanks, was a chef and a distant relation of President [[Abraham Lincoln]]'s mother, [[Nancy Hanks Lincoln]]. His mother, Janet Marylyn ([[married and maiden names|née]] Frager), was a hospital worker; the two divorced in 1960.<ref>Reitwiesner, William Addams. [http://www.wargs.com/other/hanks.html "Ancestry of Tom Hanks"] - William Addams Reitwiesner Genealogical Services</ref> The family's three oldest children, Sandra, (now Sandra Hanks Benoiton, a writer),<ref>[http://www.seychelles.net/paradisefm/Pages/scenes/bio/sandra.htm Sandra Hanks Benoiton] - Seychelles.net</ref><ref>[http://sandrahanksbenoiton.wordpress.com/ Paradise Preoccupied<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Larry (now Lawrence M. Hanks, [[Ph.D.]], an [[entomology]] [[professor]] at the [[University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign]]),<ref>[http://www.life.uiuc.edu/hanks/hanks.html Lawrence M. Hanks, Associate Professor] - [[University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign]]</ref> and Tom, went with their father; while the youngest, [[Jim Hanks|Jim]], now an actor and film maker, remained with his mother in Red Bluff, California. Both parents remarried. The first stepmother for Sandra, Larry, and Tom came to the marriage with five children of her own. Hanks once told [[Rolling Stone magazine]]: "Everybody in my family likes each other. But there were always about fifty people at the house. I didn't exactly feel like an outsider, but I was sort of outside it". That marriage ended in divorce after just 2 years, and Amos Hanks became a single parent, working long hours and relying on the children to fend for themselves often, an exercise in self-reliance that served the siblings well.
In school, Hanks was unpopular with students and teachers alike, telling Rolling Stone magazine: "I was a geek, a spaz. I was horribly, painfully, terribly shy. At the same time, I was the guy who'd yell out funny captions during filmstrips. But I didn't get into trouble. I was always a real good kid and pretty responsible". Amos Hanks remarried in 1965 to Frances Wong, a [[San Francisco]] native of [[China|Chinese]] descent. Frances had three children, two of whom lived with Tom during his [[high school]] years. Tom acted in school plays, including ''[[South Pacific (musical)|South Pacific]]'', while attending [[Skyline High School (Oakland, California)|Skyline High School]] in [[Oakland, California]]. Hanks studied theater at [[Chabot College]], and after two years, transferred to [[California State University, Sacramento]]. Hanks told the [[New York Times]]: "Acting classes looked like the best place for a guy who liked to make a lot of noise and be rather flamboyant. I spent a lot of time going to plays. I wouldn't take dates with me. I'd just drive to a theater, buy myself a ticket, sit in the seat, and read the program, and then get into the play completely. I spent a lot of time like that, seeing [[Bertolt Brecht]], [[Tennessee Williams]], [[Henrik Ibsen]], and all that."

It was during his years studying theater that Hanks met [[Vincent Dowling]], head of the [[Great Lakes Theater Festival]] in [[Cleveland, Ohio|Cleveland]]. At Dowling's suggestion, Hanks became an intern at the Festival, which stretched into a three-year experience that covered everything from lighting to set design to stage management. Such a commitment required that Hanks drop out of college, but with this under his belt, a future in acting was in the cards. Hanks won the [[Cleveland Critics Circle Award]] for best actor for his performance as Proteus in Shakespeare's ''[[The Two Gentlemen of Verona]]'', one of the few times he played a villain.

===Early career===
In 1979, Hanks moved to [[New York City]], where he made his film debut in the low-budget slasher film, ''[[He Knows You're Alone]]'', and got a part in a television movie entitled ''[[Mazes and Monsters]]''. Early in 1979, Hanks was cast in the lead role of Callimaco in the [[Riverside Shakespeare Company]]'s production of [[Niccolò Machiavelli]]'s ''[[The Mandrake]]'', directed by Daniel Southern, featuring an original jazz score by [[Michael Wolff]], original masks and costumes designed by Broadway designer Jane Stein, and was produced by W. Stuart McDowell and Gloria Skurski. This remains Hank's only New York stage performance to date; as a high profile [[Off Off Broadway]] [[showcase]], the production helped Tom land an agent, Joe Ohla with the J. Michael Bloom Agency. The next year Hanks landed a lead role on an [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] television pilot called ''[[Bosom Buddies]]'', playing the role of Kip Wilson. Hanks moved to [[Los Angeles, California|Los Angeles]], [[California]] where he was teamed with [[Peter Scolari]] as a pair of young advertising men forced to dress as women so they could live in an inexpensive all-female hotel. He had previously partnered with Scolari in the 1970s game show, ''[[Make Me Laugh]]''. ''Bosom Buddies'' ran for two seasons, and, although the ratings were never strong, television critics gave the program high marks. "The first day I saw him on the set", the show's co-producer, Ian Praiser told ''[[Rolling Stone]]'', "I thought, 'Too bad he won't be in television for long.' I knew he'd be a movie star in two years." But if Praiser knew it, he was not able to convince Hanks. "The television show had come out of nowhere", Hanks’ best friend Tom Lizzio told ''Rolling Stone''. "Then out of nowhere it got canceled. He figured he'd be back to pulling ropes and hanging lights in a theater."

It was ''Bosom Buddies'' and a guest appearance on a 1982 episode of ''[[Happy Days]]'' ("A Case of Revenge") where he played a disgruntled former classmate of The [[Fonz]] that drew director [[Ron Howard]] to contact Hanks. Howard was working on ''[[Splash (film)|Splash]]'' (1984), a romantic comedy fantasy about a [[mermaid]] who falls in love with a human. At first, Howard considered Hanks for the role of the main character's wisecracking brother, a role which eventually went to [[John Candy]]. Instead, Hanks got the lead role and a career boost from ''Splash'', which went on to become a box-office hit, grossing more than US$69 million. He also had a sizable hit with the sex comedy ''[[Bachelor Party (film)|Bachelor Party]]'', also in 1984.

From 1983-84, Hanks made three guest appearances on ''[[Family Ties]]'' as Elyse Keaton's alcoholic brother Ned Donnelly. Hanks also appears for a moment as an uncredited extra in the movie ''[[Real Genius]]'' (1985), when the lead character, Mitch, bumps into him in a crowd.

===Period of hits and misses===
[[Image:TomHanks1989.png|thumb|right|Tom Hanks at Governor's Ball party after the 1989 Academy Awards, [[March 29]], [[1989]].<br>(Photo:Alan Light)]]
More film roles followed, but none clicked with audiences. With ''[[Nothing in Common]]'' (1986)&mdash;about a young man alienated from his parents who must re-establish a relationship with his father, played by [[Jackie Gleason]]&mdash;Hanks began to establish the credentials of not only a comic actor but of someone who could carry a serious role. "It changed my desires about working in movies", Hanks told ''Rolling Stone''. "Part of it was the nature of the material, what we were trying to say. But besides that, it focused on people's relationships. The story was about a guy and his father, unlike, say, ''[[The Money Pit]]'' (1986), where the story is really about a guy and his house."

After three more flops, Hanks succeeded with the fantasy ''[[Big (1988 film)|Big]]'' (1988), both at the box office and within the industry, establishing Hanks as a major [[Hollywood]] talent. It was followed later that year by ''[[Punchline (film)|Punchline]]'', in which he co-starred with [[Sally Field]] as a pair of struggling stand-up comedians, which grossed a respectable US$21 million. Hanks's character, Steven Gold, a failing medical student trying to break into standup, was somewhat edgy and complex, offering a glimpse of the far more dramatic roles Hanks would master in films to come. Hanks's next project was the 1989 movie ''[[Turner and Hooch]]''. In a 1993 issue of ''[[Disney Adventures]]'', Hanks said, "I saw ''Turner and Hooch'' the other day in the SAC store and couldn't help but be reminiscent. I cried like a babe." He did admit to making a couple of "bum tickers", however, and blamed his "...deductive reasoning and decision making skills."

Hanks had another pile of box-office failures. First, there was ''[[The 'Burbs]]'' (1989), then ''[[Joe Versus the Volcano]]'' (1990) and finally ''[[The Bonfire of the Vanities (film)|The Bonfire of the Vanities]]'' (1990), which saw Hanks as a greedy [[Wall Street]] type who gets enmeshed in a hit-and-run accident.

===Progression into dramatic roles===
Hanks again climbed back to the top with his portrayal of an unsuccessful [[baseball]] manager in ''[[A League of Their Own]]'' (1992). Hanks admits that his acting in earlier roles was not great and that he has improved. In an interview with ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]'', Hanks called the work that he's done since his "modern era of moviemaking ... because enough self-discovery has gone on.... My work has become less 'pretentiously fake."

This "modern era" welcomed in a spectacular 1993 for Hanks, first with ''[[Sleepless in Seattle]]'' and then with ''[[Philadelphia (film)|Philadelphia]]''. The former was a blockbuster success about a widower who finds true love (in the character of [[Meg Ryan]]) over the airwaves. Richard Schickel of ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' called his performance "charming", and most agreed that his portrayal ensured him a place among the premiere romantic-comedy stars of his generation, making him bankable. In ''[[Philadelphia (film)|Philadelphia]]'' Hanks played a [[gay]] lawyer with [[AIDS]] who sues his firm for discrimination (Hanks lost thirty-five pounds and thinned his hair in order to appear sickly for the role.) In a review for ''[[People (magazine)|People]]'', Leah Rozen stated "Above all, credit for "[[Philadelphia (film)|Philadelphia]]'s" success belongs to Hanks, who makes sure that he plays a character, not a saint. He is flat-out terrific, giving a deeply felt, carefully nuanced performance that deserves an Oscar."

Hanks won the 1993 [[Academy Award]] for Best Actor for his role in ''Philadelphia''. During his acceptance speech he revealed that his high school drama teacher Rawley Farnsworth and former classmate John Gilkerson were gay.<ref> [http://film.guardian.co.uk/oscars2000/story/0,,147619,00.html Winner Speeches]</ref> The revelation inspired the 1997 film ''[[In & Out]]'', starring [[Kevin Kline]] as an English Literature teacher who is outed by a former student in a similar way.

====''Forrest Gump''====
Hanks followed ''Philadelphia'' with the 1994 summer hit ''[[Forrest Gump (film)|Forrest Gump]]'', where the lead character moves in and out of cultural events in American history from the '50s onward.

Hanks explained what appealed to him about the script: "When I read the script for ''Gump'', I saw it as one of those kind of grand, hopeful movies that the audience can go to and feel ... some hope for their lot and their position in life... I got that from the movies a hundred million times when I was a kid. I still do."

Hanks won his second Best Actor [[Academy Award]] for his role in ''Forrest Gump'', becoming only the second actor to have accomplished the feat of winning back-to-back Best Actor Oscars. ([[Spencer Tracy]] was the first, winning in 1937-38. Hanks and Tracy were the same age at the time they received their Academy Awards: 37 for the first and 38 for the second.)

====''Apollo 13'' and on====
Hanks's next project reunited him with [[Ron Howard]] in the movie ''[[Apollo 13 (film)|Apollo 13]]'', in which he played astronaut and commander [[James Lovell]]. Critics generally applauded the film and the performances of the entire cast, which included actors [[Kevin Bacon]], [[Bill Paxton]], [[Gary Sinise]], [[Ed Harris]], and [[Kathleen Quinlan]]. The movie also earned nine nominations for an Academy Award in 1996, winning two. That same year, Hanks starred in the animated blockbuster ''[[Toy Story]]'' as the voice of [[Woody|Sheriff Woody]].

Hanks turned to directing and [[Film producer|producing]] with his next movie ''[[That Thing You Do!]]'', about a 1960s pop group which Hanks co-stars as a [[music producer]]. Hanks and producer Gary Goetzman went on to create [[Playtone]], a record and film production company named for the record company in the film.

Hanks executive produced, co-wrote and co-directed the [[HBO]] docudrama ''[[From the Earth to the Moon (miniseries)|From the Earth to the Moon]]''. The twelve-part series chronicles the space program from its inception, through the familiar flights of [[Neil Armstrong]] and [[Jim Lovell]], to the personal feelings surrounding the reality of moon landings. The [[Emmy Award]]-winning US$68 million project is one of the most expensive ventures taken for television. Hanks' next project was no less expensive.

For ''[[Saving Private Ryan]]'' he teamed up with [[Steven Spielberg]] to make a film about [[D-Day]], the landing at [[Omaha Beach]], and a quest through war-torn [[France]] to bring back a soldier who has a ticket home. It earned the praise and respect of the film community, critics, and the general public; it was labeled one of the finest war films ever made, earning Spielberg his second [[Academy Award]] for direction and Hanks a Best Actor nomination. Later in 1998, Hanks re-teamed with his ''Sleepless in Seattle'' co-star [[Meg Ryan]] for another romantic comedy, ''[[You've Got Mail]]'', a remake of 1940's ''[[The Shop Around the Corner]]'', which starred [[Jimmy Stewart]] and [[Margaret Sullavan]].

In 1999, Hanks starred in an adaptation of [[Stephen King]]'s novel ''[[The Green Mile]]''. He also returned as the voice of Woody in ''[[Toy Story 2]].'' The following year he won a [[Golden Globe]] for Best Actor and an Academy nomination for his portrayal of a shipwrecked [[FedEx]] systems analyst in [[Robert Zemeckis]]'s ''[[Cast Away]]''. In 2001, Hanks helped direct and produce the acclaimed HBO mini-series ''[[Band of Brothers]]''. He also appeared in the [[September 11]] television special ''[[America: A Tribute to Heroes]]'' and the documentary ''Rescued From the Closet''.

Next he teamed up with ''[[American Beauty (1999 film)|American Beauty]]'' director [[Sam Mendes]] for the adaptation of [[Max Allan Collins]]'s and [[Richard Piers Rayner]]'s graphic novel ''[[Road to Perdition]]'', in which he played an [[anti-hero]] role as a hitman on the run with his son. That same year, Hanks collaborated with director Spielberg again, starring opposite [[Leonardo DiCaprio]] in the hit crime comedy ''[[Catch Me if You Can]]'', based on the true story of [[Frank Abagnale, Jr.]] The same year, he and wife [[Rita Wilson]] produced the hit movie ''[[My Big Fat Greek Wedding]]''. In August 2007, he along with co-producers [[Rita Wilson]] and [[Gary Goetzman]], and writer and star [[Nia Vardalos]], initiated a legal action against the production company Gold Circle Films for their share of profits from the movie.<ref>[http://www.newsdaily.com/index.php?feed=Entertainment&article=UPI-1-20070808-11481500-bc-us-hanks.xml "Hanks files big fat 'Greek' lawsuit"] - [[United Press International]] - (c/o NewsDaily.com) - [[August 8]], [[2007]]</ref><ref>[http://www.irishexaminer.com/breaking/entertainment/mhcwcweyqlgb/ "Hanks sues over unpaid 'My big fat Greek wedding' profits"] - ''[[Irish Examiner]]'' - [[August 8]], [[2007]]</ref> At the age of 45, he became the youngest ever recipient of the [[American Film Institute|American Film Institutes's]] Life Achievement Award on [[June 12]], [[2002]].

Hanks was absent from the screen in 2003; in 2004, he appeared in three films: The [[Coen Brothers]]' ''[[The Ladykillers (2004 film)|The Ladykillers]]'', another Spielberg helmed film, ''[[The Terminal]]'', and ''[[The Polar Express (film)|The Polar Express]]'', a family film from [[Robert Zemeckis]]. In a ''[[USA Weekend]]'' interview, Hanks talked about how he chooses projects: "[Since] ''A League of Their Own'', it can't be just another movie for me. It has to get me going somehow.... There has to be some all-encompassing desire or feeling about wanting to do that particular movie. I'd like to assume that I'm willing to go down any avenue in order to do it right". In August 2005, Hanks was voted in as vice president of the [[Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences]].<ref name=BBC-2005-08-25>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/film/4184066.stm "Actor Hanks voted in by Academy"] - [[BBC]] - [[August 25]], [[2005]]</ref>

Hanks next starred in the highly anticipated film ''[[The Da Vinci Code (film)|The Da Vinci Code]]'', based on the bestselling novel by [[Dan Brown]]. The film was released [[May 19]] [[2006]] in the US and grossed over [[United States dollar|US$]]750 million worldwide. In [[Ken Burns]]'s 2007 documentary "[[The War (documentary)|The War]]", Hanks did voice work, reading excerpts from [[World War II]]-era columns by [[Al McIntosh]]. In 2006, Hanks topped a 1,500-strong list of 'most trusted celebrities' compiled by ''[[Forbes]]'' magazine.<ref name=BBC-2006-09-27>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/5384320.stm "Hanks tops 'most trusted' index"] - [[BBC]] - [[September 27]], [[2006]]</ref> Hanks next appeared in a cameo role as himself in ''[[The Simpsons Movie]]'', in which he appears in an advertisement claiming that the US government has lost its credibility and is hence buying some of his. He also makes an appearance in the credits, stating that he wishes to be left alone when he is out in public.

In 2007, Hanks starred in [[Mike Nichols]]' film ''[[Charlie Wilson's War]]'' (written by acclaimed screenwriter [[Aaron Sorkin]]) in which he plays [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] [[Texas]] Congressman [[Charles Wilson (Texas politician)|Charles Wilson]]. The film opened on [[December 21]], 2007 and Hanks got a [[Golden Globe]] nomination for his acting.

In a play on the expression "art imitating life", Hanks will play an on screen dad to a young man ([[Colin Hanks]]) who chooses to follow in the footsteps of a fading magician ([[John Malkovich]]) in ''[[The Great Buck Howard]]''. Hanks' character is less than thrilled about his son's career decision. A film adaptation of ''[[Angels and Demons (film)|Angels and Demons]]'', the prequel to ''The Da Vinci Code'', has been announced, and on [[April 11]], [[2007]] it was revealed that Hanks would reprise his role as Robert Langdon and that he reportedly will receive the highest salary ever for an actor.<ref>Tyler, Joshua. [http://www.cinemablend.com/new/Exclusive-Tom-Hanks-Confirmed-For-Da-Vinci-Code-Sequel-4885.html "Tom Hanks Confirmed For Da Vinci Code Sequel"] - Cinema Blend - [[April 10]], [[2007]]</ref><ref>Fleming, Michael. [http://www.variety.com/VR1117974685.html "Howard moves fast with 'Code' sequel"] - ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] - [[October 24]], [[2007]]</ref>

===Personal life===
Hanks was married to [[Samantha Lewes]] from 1978 to 1987. The couple had two children, son [[Colin Hanks]] (now also an actor) and daughter Elizabeth Ann.<ref>[http://usmagazine.com/tom_hanks Tom Hanks] - [[Us Magazine]]</ref><ref>[http://www.eonline.com/celebrities/profile/index.jsp?uuid=4ddc31be-a18f-4c2e-b0bf-54a91910c86d Tom Hanks] - [[E!|E! Entertainment Television]]</ref> In 1988, Hanks married actress [[Rita Wilson]]; raised in several different [[Christian]] denominations, Hanks converted from [[Roman Catholic]]ism to [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodox Christianity]] when marrying Wilson.<ref>[http://www.ldsfilm.com/actors/TomHanks.html Religious Affiliation of actor Tom Hanks] - LDSFilm.com - [[December 7]], [[2005]]</ref> The two first met on the set of Hanks's television show ''[[Bosom Buddies]]'' but later developed a romantic interest while working on the film ''Volunteers''. They have two sons: Chester, or "Chet" (who has a small part as a student in ''[[Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull]]''), and Truman.

He is a big sports fan, and as a teenager he was a peanut vendor at [[McAfee Coliseum|The Oakland Coliseum]], home of the [[Oakland Athletics]].<ref name=MSNBC-2006-07-20>[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/13955312/ "Tom Hanks, friends making ballpark tour"] - [[Associated Press]] - (c/o [[MSNBC]]) - [[July 20]], [[2006]]</ref><ref>Urban, Mychael. [http://oakland.athletics.mlb.com/news/gameday_recap.jsp?ymd=20060717&content_id=1561196&vkey=recap&fext=.jsp&c_id=oak "A's cant help Windsor in debut"] - MLB.com - [[July 17]], [[2006]]</ref> His favorite team is the [[Oakland Athletics]].<ref name=MSNBC-2006-07-20 /> Hanks is also a fan of the [[Oakland Raiders]] football team,<ref>Hanks, Tom, Frank Deford. ''Rebels of Oakland: The A's, the Raiders, the '70's''. New York, New York: HBO Sports. 2003.</ref> [[English Premier League]] football team [[Aston Villa]].<ref>[http://football.guardian.co.uk/print/0,,5257743-103,00.html "Aston Villa"] - ''[[The Guardian]]'' - [[August 8]], [[2005]]</ref><ref>Brett, Anwar. [http://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2004/12/01/tom_hanks_the_polar_express_interview.shtml Interview: "Tom Hanks: The Polar Express"] - [[BBC]] - [[December 12]], [[2004]]</ref><ref>{{citeweb|url=http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/sport/football/article679095.ece|title=O'Neill thanks new fan Hanks|publisher=The Sun|date=[[12 January]] [[2008]]|accessdate=2008-01-12}}</ref> Hanks lists "[[typewriters|old manual typewriters]]" as a hobby on his [[MySpace]] page, owning about 80 of the classic mechanical types and traveling with one where ever he goes.<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2007/11/07/2084064.htm|title=Last word on typewriter not written yet|publisher=ABC News|date=[[November 7]], [[2007]]|accessdate=2008-01-11}}</ref><ref>{{citeweb|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2008/01_january/11/ross.shtml|title=Jonathan kicks off new season with Tom Hanks and Chris Rock|publoisher=BBC Press Office|date=[[January 11]], [[2008]]|accessdate=2008-01-11}}</ref>

===Other activities===
A fan of [[NASA]]'s manned space program, Hanks said that he originally wanted to be an astronaut but "didn't have the math." Hanks is a member of the [[National Space Society]], serving on the [[Board of Governors]] of the [[nonprofit]] educational [[space advocacy]] organization founded by Dr. [[Wernher Von Braun]] and was the producer of the [[Home Box Office|HBO]] miniseries ''[[From the Earth to the Moon (miniseries)|From the Earth to the Moon]]'' about the [[Apollo program]] to send astronauts to the moon. In addition, Hanks co-wrote and co-produced ''[[Magnificent Desolation: Walking on the Moon 3D]]'', an [[IMAX]] film about the moon landings. Hanks also provided the [[voice over]] for the first new [[planetarium]] show following the opening of the new Rose Center for Earth & Space in the Hayden Planetarium at the [[American Museum of Natural History]] in New York.

In June 2006 Hanks was inducted as an honorary member of the [[United States Army Rangers]] Hall of Fame for his accurate portrayal of a [[Captain (United States)|Captain]] in the movie ''[[Saving Private Ryan]]''; Hanks, who was unable to attend the induction [[ceremony]], was the first actor to receive such an honor.<ref>[http://www.news24.com/News24/Entertainment/Abroad/0,,2-1225-1243_1960416,00.html "Army honors Tom Hanks"] - [[Associated Press]] - (c/o [[News24]]) - [[June 30]], [[2006]]</ref> In addition to his role in ''Saving Private Ryan'', Hanks was cited for serving as the national [[spokesperson]] for the World War II Memorial Campaign, for being the honorary [[chairperson]] of the D-Day Museum Capital Campaign, and for his role in writing and helping to produce the [[Emmy Award]]-winning miniseries, ''Band of Brothers''.

While he gives money to many Democratic politicians, Hanks usually keeps his opinions about politics to himself, though he has been open about his support for environmental causes and alternative fuels.<ref>[http://www.allabouthybridcars.com/hollywood-hybrids.htm "Hollywood Loves Hybrid Cars"] - ''[[Washington Post]]'' - (c/o AllAboutHyBridCars.com)</ref> Hanks, however, has made public his candidate choice in the 2008 election, when he uploaded a video to his MySpace in which he announced his endorsement of Senator [[Barack Obama]]. <ref>[http://vids.myspace.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=vids.individual&videoid=33546997 Vidéos MySpaceTV : Beware: Celebrity Endorsement par Tom Hanks<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>

Hanks is one of several celebrities who frequently participate in planned comedy bits on ''[[Late Night with Conan O'Brien]]'' while they are guests. On one visit, Hanks asked Conan to join his run for president on the "Bad Haircut Party" ticket, with confetti and balloons and a hand held sign with the slogan "You'd be stupid to vote for us". On another, O'Brien, noting that Hanks was missing Christmas on his promotional tour, brought the season to him, including a gift (the skeleton of Hooch), and a mass of snow burying them both. On yet another episode, Conan gave Hanks a painting he had commissioned reflecting two of his interests: Astronauts landing on the beach at [[Battle of Normandy|Normandy]].

Hanks appeared on ''Late Night with Conan O'Brien'' to publicize his new film, ''The Da Vinci Code''. He told the audience he had met, had a conversation with, and given a present to the [[Japan]]ese [[Prime Minister]], "Fujimori". The Japanese Prime Minister Hanks met was [[Junichiro Koizumi]]; [[Alberto Fujimori]] was the former President of [[Peru]].

On [[March 10]], [[2008]], Tom Hanks was on hand at the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame to induct sixties sensation The Dave Clark Five. He praised the group for both the joy of their music and for never signing away their publishing rights. During the speech he also mentioned his boyhood hero Marshal J whom he grew up watching on local San Francisco television station KGO. "Time is not told by watches or clocks but by whatever is on TV. After Marshal J and the cartoons you go to school."<ref>[http://www.captainerniesshowboat.com/marshalj Marshal J WMT KPIX KGO Kids Show Host Jay Alexander<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>

==Filmography==
{{main|Tom Hanks filmography}}
Altogether, Tom Hanks films have grossed over US$3.3&nbsp;billion for films as an [[actor]].<ref>[http://www.boxofficemojo.com/people/chart/?view=Actor&id=tomhanks.htm Tom Hanks Movie Box Office Results] from [[Box Office Mojo]]</ref>

===Top worldwide film grosses===
Hanks has been involved with nineteen films grossing over US$100 million at the box office:<ref>[http://www.boxofficemojo.com Box Office Mojo<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>

{|class="wikitable"
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Gross
|-
| 1984 || ''[[Splash (film)|Splash]]'' || Allen Bauer || US$69.8&nbsp;million
|-
| 1988 || ''[[Big (1988 film)|Big]]'' || Adult Josh Baskin || US$151.7&nbsp;million

|-1989 || ''[[Turner and Hooch]]'' ||Detective Scott Turner
| 1992 || ''[[A League of Their Own]]'' || Jimmy Dugan || US$132.4&nbsp;million
|-
|rowspan="2"| 1993 || ''[[Sleepless in Seattle]]'' || Sam Baldwin || US$227.8&nbsp;million
|-
| ''[[Philadelphia (film)|Philadelphia]]'' || Andrew Beckett || US$206.7&nbsp;million
|-
| 1994 || ''[[Forrest Gump (film)|Forrest Gump]]'' || Forrest Gump || US$670.0&nbsp;million
|-
|rowspan="2"| 1995 || ''[[Apollo 13 (film)|Apollo 13]]'' || Jim Lovell || US$355.2&nbsp;million
|-
| ''[[Toy Story]]'' (voice) || Woody || US$362.0&nbsp;million
|-
|rowspan="2"| 1997 || ''[[Saving Private Ryan]]'' || Captain John H. Miller || US$481.8&nbsp;million
|-
| ''[[You've Got Mail]]'' || Joe Fox || US$250.8&nbsp;million
|-
|rowspan="2"| 1999 || ''[[Toy Story 2]]'' (voice) || Woody || US$485.0&nbsp;million
|-
| ''[[The Green Mile (film)|The Green Mile]]'' || Paul Edgecombe || US$286.9&nbsp;million
|-
| 2000 || ''[[Cast Away]]'' || Chuck Noland || US$429.6&nbsp;million
|-
|rowspan="2"| 2002 || ''[[Road to Perdition]]'' || Michael Sullivan, Sr. || US$181.0&nbsp;million
|-
| ''[[Catch Me if You Can]]'' || FBI Agent Carl Hanratty || US$351.1&nbsp;million
|-
|rowspan="2"| 2004 || ''[[The Terminal]]'' || Viktor Navorski || US$218.7&nbsp;million
|-
| ''[[The Polar Express (film)|The Polar Express]]'' (voice) || Express Conductor || US$297.8&nbsp;million
|-
| 2006 || ''[[The Da Vinci Code (film)|The Da Vinci Code]]'' || Professor Robert Langdon || US$758.5&nbsp;million
|-
|rowSpan="3"| 2007 || ''[[The Simpsons Movie]]'' (voice) || Himself || US$526.5&nbsp;million
|-
|| ''[[Charlie Wilson's War]]'' || Charlie Wilson || US$113.6&nbsp;million
|-

|}

==Awards and nominations==
{| border="2" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center"
! Year || Award || Category || Film || Result
|-
|rowspan="3" | [[1988 in film|1988]] || [[Academy Award]] || Best Actor ||rowspan="3" | ''[[Big (film)|Big]]'' || {{award-nom}}
|-
| [[Saturn Award]] || Best Actor || {{award-won}}
|-
| [[Golden Globe Award]] || Best Actor - Motion Picture Musical or Comedy || {{award-won}}
|-
|rowspan="4" | [[1993 in film|1993]] || [[Academy Award]] || Best Actor ||rowspan="3" | ''[[Philadelphia (film)|Philadelphia]]'' || {{award-won}}
|-
| Sliver Berlin Bear || Best Actor || {{award-won}}
|-
| [[Golden Globe Award]] || Best Actor - Motion Picture Drama || {{award-won}}
|-
| [[Golden Globe Award]] || Best Actor - Motion Picture Musical or Comedy || ''[[Sleepless in Seattle]]'' || {{award-nom}}
|-
|rowspan="6" | [[1994 in film|1994]] || [[Academy Award]] || Best Actor || {{award-won}} | ''[[Forrest Gump]]'' || {{award-won}}
|-
| [[Saturn Award]] || Best Actor || {{award-nom}}
|-
| [[BAFTA Award]] || Best Actor || {{award-nom}}
|-
| [[Golden Globe Award]] || Best Actor - Motion Picture Drama || {{award-won}}
|-
| [[NBR Award]] || Best Actor || {{award-won}}
|-
| [[SAG Award]] || Outstanding Actor - Motion Picture || {{award-won}}
|-
|rowspan="6" | [[1998 in film|1998]] || [[Academy Award]] || Best Actor ||rowspan="6" | ''[[Saving Private Ryan]]'' || {{award-nom}}
|-
| [[BAFTA Award]] || Best Actor || {{award-nom}}
|-
| [[Empire Award]] || Best Actor || {{award-won}}
|-
| [[Golden Globe Award]] || Best Actor - Motion Picture Drama || {{award-nom}}
|-
|rowspan="2" | [[SAG Award]] || Outstanding Actor - Motion Picture || {{award-nom}}
|-
| Outstanding Cast - Motion Picture || {{award-nom}}
|-
| [[1999 in film|1999]] || [[SAG Award]] || Outstanding Cast - Motion Picture || ''[[The Green Mile (film)|The Green Mile]]'' || {{award-nom}}
|-
|rowspan="5" | [[2000 in film|2000]] || [[Academy Award]] || Best Actor ||rowspan="5" | ''[[Cast Away]]'' || {{award-nom}}
|-
| [[BAFTA Award]] || Best Actor || {{award-nom}}
|-
| [[Golden Globe Award]] || Best Actor - Motion Picture Drama || {{award-won}}
|-
| [[NYFCC Award]] || Best Actor || {{award-won}}
|-
| [[SAG Award]] || Outstanding Actor - Motion Picture || {{award-nom}}
|-
| [[2002 in film|2002]] || [[Empire Award]] || Best Actor || ''[[Road to Perdition]]'' || {{award-nom}}
|-
| [[2007 in film|2007]] || [[Golden Globe Award]] || Best Actor - Motion Picture Musical or Comedy || ''[[Charlie Wilson's War]]'' || {{award-nom}}
|-
|}

==Eponym==
Asteroid [[12818 Tomhanks]] has been named for him.<ref>[http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/iau/lists/MPNames.html Minor Planet Names: Alphabetical List] from the [[Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics]]</ref>

==Further reading==
===Books===
*Trakin, Roy, ''Tom Hanks: Journey to Stardom'', 1987; rev. ed.1995
*Salamon, Julie, ''The Devil's Candy: The Bonfire of the Vanities Goes to Hollywood'', Boston, 1991
*Wallner, Rosemary, ''Tom Hanks: Academy Award-Winning Actor'', Edina, Minnesota, 1994
*Pfeiffer, Lee, ''The Films of Tom Hanks'', Secaucus, New Jersey, 1996
*Gardner, David, ''Tom Hanks: The Unauthorized Biography'', London, England 1999
*Gardner, David, ''Tom Hanks: Enigma'' 2007

===Periodicals===
*Films, July 1984
*Photoplay (London), September 1984
*Time Out (London), [[October 26]], [[1988]]
*Film Comment (New York), March/April 1989
*Interview (New York), March 1992
*Interview (New York), December 1993
*Advocate, [[December 14]], 1993
*Maclean's (Toronto), [[July 11]], 1994

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
{{commons|Tom Hanks}}
{{portalpar|Film}}

*{{imdb name|id=0000158|name=Tom Hanks}}
*{{MySpace|tomhanks}}
*{{tv.com person|905}}
*{{ymovies name|1800010392}}
*[http://www.dvdark.co.uk/c/dvdology/MA4DzTm/ Tom Hanks DVDology]
*[http://support.nature.org/site/PageServer?pagename=tomhanks_ed6 Tom Hanks' thoughts on Earth Day 2006]
*[http://www.moviehole.net/news/4425.html Tom Hanks interview]
*[http://www.newsmeat.com/celebrity_political_donations/Tom_Hanks.php Hanks' political donations]

{{start}} {{s-awards}}
{{s-bef | before = [[Robin Williams]] <br> for ''[[Good Morning, Vietnam]]''}}
{{s-ttl|title = [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actor - Motion Picture Musical or Comedy]] <br> for ''[[Big]]''|years = 1989}}
{{s-aft|after = [[Morgan Freeman]] <br> for ''[[Driving Miss Daisy]]''}}
|-
{{s-bef | before = [[Jack Nicholson]] <br> for ''[[Ironweed]]'' & ''[[The Witches of Eastwick]]'' <br> & [[Steve Martin]] <br> ''[[Roxanne]]''}}
{{s-ttl|title = Best Actor [[Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards]] <br> for ''[[Big]]'' & ''[[Punchline]]'' | years = 1989}}
{{s-aft|after = [[Daniel Day-Lewis]] <br> for ''[[My Left Foot]]''}}
|-
{{s-bef | before = [[Denzel Washington]] <br> for ''[[Malcolm X]]''}}
{{s-ttl|title = Silver Bear for Best Actor – [[Berlin Film Festival]] <br> for ''[[Philadelphia]]''|years = 1994}}
{{s-aft|after = [[Paul Newman]] <br> for ''[[Nobody’s Fool]]''}}
|-
{{s-bef | rows=2|before = [[Al Pacino]] <br> for ''[[Scent of a Woman]]''}}
{{s-ttl|title = [[Academy Award for Best Actor ]] <br> 1993 <br> for ''[[Philadelphia]]'' <br> 1994 <br> for ''[[Forrest Gump]]'' }}
{{s-aft| rows=4|after = [[Nicholas Cage]] <br> for ''[[Leaving Las Vegas]]''}}
|-
{{s-ttl|title =[[Golden Globe Award for Best Actor - Motion Picture Drama]] <br> 1993 <br> for ''[[Philadelphia]]’’ <br> 1994 <br> for ''[[Forrest Gump]]''}}
|-
{{s-bef | before = N/A}}
{{s-ttl|title =[[Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role - Motion Picture]] <br> for ''[[Forrest Gump]]''|years = 1994}}
|-
{{s-bef | before = [[Anthony Hopkins]] <br> for ''[[Shadowlands]]''}}
{{s-ttl|title = [[National Board of Review]] award for Best Actor<br> for ''[[Forrest Gump]]''|years = 1994}}
|-
{{s-bef | before = [[Richard Farnsworth]] <br> for ''[[The Straight Story]]''}}
{{s-ttl|title = [[New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actor]] <br> for ''[[Cast Away]]''|years = 2001}}
{{s-aft|after = [[Russell Crowe]] <br> for ''[[A Beautiful Mind]]''}}
|-
{{s-bef | before = [[Denzel Washington]] <br> for ''[[The Hurricane]]''}}
{{s-ttl|title = [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actor - Motion Picture Drama]] <br> for ''[[Cast Away]]''|years = 2001}}
{{s-aft|after = [[Tom Wilkinson]] <br> for ''[[In The Bedroom]]''}}
|-
{{s-bef | before = [[Barbra Streisand]]}}
{{s-ttl|title = [[AFI Life Achievement Award]] <br> 2001}}
{{s-aft|after = [[Robert De Niro]]}}
{{end}}

{{AcademyAwardBestActor 1981-2000}}
{{EmmyAward MiniseriesDirector 2001-2025}}

{{Persondata
|NAME= Hanks, Tom
|ALTERNATIVE NAMES= Hanks, Thomas Jeffrey
|SHORT DESCRIPTION= actor
|DATE OF BIRTH= [[July 9]] [[1956]]
|PLACE OF BIRTH= [[Concord, California|Concord]], [[California]], [[United States]]
|DATE OF DEATH=
|PLACE OF DEATH=
}}
{{Lifetime|1956|LIVING|Hanks, Tom}}
[[Category:American Eastern Orthodox Christians]]
[[Category:American film actors]]
[[Category:American television actors]]
[[Category:American voice actors]]
[[Category:Best Actor Academy Award winners]]
[[Category:Best Drama Actor Golden Globe (film) winners]]
[[Category:Best Musical or Comedy Actor Golden Globe (film) winners]]
[[Category:California actors]]
[[Category:California State University, Sacramento alumni]]
[[Category:Concord, California]]
[[Category:Converts to Eastern Orthodox Christianity]]
[[Category:Greek Orthodox Christians]]
[[Category:People from Contra Costa County, California]]
[[Category:People from Oakland, California]]
[[Category:Space advocacy]]

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Revision as of 12:16, 17 June 2008

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