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Lewisville, Texas

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Lewisville, Texas
City
Lewisville City Hall
Lewisville City Hall
Location of Lewisville in Denton County, Texas
Location of Lewisville in Denton County, Texas
CountryUnited States United States
StateTexas Texas
CountiesDenton, Dallas
IncorporatedJanuary 15, 1925 (1925-01-15)[1]
Government
 • TypeCouncil–manager
 • City CouncilMayor Dean Ueckert
Leroy Vaughn
Neil Ferguson
TJ Gilmore
John Gorena
Rudy Durham
 • City ManagerClaude E. King
Area
 • Total42.47 sq mi (109.99 km2)
 • Land36.4 sq mi (94.27 km2)
 • Water6.07 sq mi (15.72 km2)
Elevation
525 ft (160 m)
Population
 (2010)[2]
 • Total95,290
 • Density2,618/sq mi (1,011/km2)
Time zoneUTC-6 (Central)
 • Summer (DST)UTC-5 (Central)
ZIP codes
75029, 75057, 75067, 75077
Area code972
FIPS code42508[2]
GNIS feature ID1339860[3]
Websitehttp://www.cityoflewisville.com

Lewisville (/[invalid input: 'icon']ˈljuː.ɪs.vɪl/) is a city in Denton County in the U.S. state of Texas. The 2010 United States Census placed the population at 95,290, making it one of the fastest growing cities in the United States in terms of population.[4] The city includes 36.4 square miles (94 km2) of land, in addition to 6.07 square miles (15.7 km2) of Lewisville Lake.[2]

Originally called "Holford's Prairie", the origins of Lewisville date back to the early 1840s.[5] The arrival of the town's first railroad in 1881 engendered its initial growth, and the expansion of the area's transportation infrastructure spurred further development in the early part of the 20th century.[6] The city incorporated in 1925. When construction of Lewisville Lake was completed in the 1950s, the city began to expand rapidly.

Lewisville's consistently warm climate and proximity to Lewisville Lake has made the city a recreational hub of the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex. The city's municipal government, led by a nonpartisan city council, focuses its recreational and cultural investments on facilities such as Toyota of Lewisville Park and the MCL Grand Theater. The city's transportation infrastructure has evolved around the corridor along Interstate 35E. Its diverse population and economy have led to a broad residential and industrial base, which has created a stable economic climate.

History

Settlement

In 1841, the Republic of Texas chartered the Peters Colony Land Grant Company (named for William Smalling Peters, publisher of the song "Oh! Susanna")[5] to settle the North Texas area.[6] In 1844, John W. King and his wife settled on the east side of the prairie, where the city currently lies. Other Baptist settlers from Platte County, Missouri, settled on the west side, including John and James Holford, who named the area "Holford's Prairie".[7][8] Further south, Presbyterians established a church and named it Flower Mound.[9] In the ensuing confusion over land ownership after the Hedgcoxe War, Basdeal Lewis purchased Holford's Prairie in 1853 and renamed it after himself.[10]

In 1845, the Fox family, which owned about a dozen slaves, buried a slave child named Melinda on the family farm, which eventually became the town's cemetery for black residents. Named Fox–Hembry Cemetery, the plot still exists today.[11] Though it sometimes falls into disrepair, local residents and businesses gathered to restore it in 2011.[12] Though Abraham Lincoln was not on the ballot in the area for the 1860 Presidential election, residents of Lewisville (listed as "Hollforts" on election results) still gave John C. Breckinridge only a slim majority–44 votes to 31–against a fusion option.[13]

During Reconstruction, Lewisville became home to the first cotton gin in Denton County, built in 1867.[14] The mill could produce up to three bales per day.[15] The Thirteenth Texas Legislature chartered the Dallas and Wichita Railroad (later the Missouri–Kansas–Texas) under terms that 20 miles of track had to be in running order by July 1, 1875. Lewisville paid the company $15,000 to come to the city with a promise of another $5,000 upon completion.[16] The company saved the deal by completing the railroad tracks to just south of Lewisville on the morning of the deadline.[17] The line began running full time in 1881.[6] Republicans in the Fourteenth Texas Legislature passed a law on April 30, 1874 prohibiting alcohol within two miles of the town.[18] The law was extremely unpopular with residents and the city still had as many as 17 saloons at one point.[19] The population of the unincorporated town was 500 in 1888.[20]

Progress

Photograph of a old theater sign on a rustic building.
The building currently housing the Greater Lewisville Community Theater, built in 1885, is the oldest standing structure in Lewisville.[21]

From 1920 to 1930, Lewisville's population increased slightly from 815 to 853, making it the fourth most populous town in Denton County (behind Denton, Sanger, and Pilot Point).[22] During this decade and the next, residents accomplished a number of important tasks. On January 15, 1925, residents voted to incorporate the area as a city by a margin of 17 votes. The incorporation established the official boundaries of the new town.[1]

Because the city had diversified its economy before the Wall Street Crash of 1929, Lewisville was fairly insulated from the Great Depression. Still, Lewisville residents, including business leaders, supported Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal programs.[23][24] By 1936, the Works Progress Administration operated a cannery in the city to provide temporary jobs for unemployed residents.[25] As an extension of the Good Roads Movement, which had been prominent in Denton County since the early 1910s,[26] residents formed the Good Roads Committee of Lewisville to lobby state and federal officials for funding to create better streets.[27][28] In 1931, Lewisville celebrated the paving of the highway between Denton and Dallas with a "Coming Out of the Mud" ceremony. The new pavement closed the "Lewisville Gap" between the two cities, a stretch of dirt roads that often became too muddy for travel.[29]

The new road also indirectly led to the downfall of the area's public transit system. Between 1925 and 1932, the Texas Interurban Railway, an electric commuter rail service, ran from Dallas to Denton and operated a station in Lewisville. Business leaders in the Lewisville Chamber of Commerce welcomed the service at the time, proudly citing the city's progressive citizenship.[30] The area's low population density could not sustain the venture, however.[31] In 1932, the line went out of business and immediately halted service.[32] On April 25, 1934, Raymond Hamilton of the Barrow Gang robbed the First National Bank of Lewisville. Residents chased him to Howe, Texas, where he was captured at a roadblock and transferred to Dallas County Jail.[33][34]

Growth

Lewisville's rapid growth began when construction of the Garza–Little Elm Dam finished in 1954. The dam expanded the Garza–Little Elm Reservoir into the what is now Lewisville Lake.[35] The city adopted a home rule charter for a Council–manager style of municipal government in 1963, becoming one of only a few home rule cities in Texas with a population of less than 5,000.[36] In September 1969, 13 days after Woodstock, the city hosted the Texas International Pop Festival. The festival drew over 250,000 spectators and featured performances by Janis Joplin, B.B. King and Led Zeppelin.[37] In 2011, the Texas Historical Commission dedicated a historical event marker at the Denton County Transportation Authority A-train Hebron station to commemorate the event.[38]

When Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport opened to the south of the city in 1974 and Vista Ridge Mall opened at the intersection of Interstate 35E and Round Grove Road in 1987, Lewisville began to experience rapid suburban growth.[39] The city's population increased from 24,273 in 1980 to 46,521 in 1990, making it the 40th most populous city in Texas.[40] In the early 1990s, the Lewisville Chamber of Commerce marketed the city with the slogan "City of Expanding Horizons".[41] The city elected three different female mayors between 1985 and 2000. The population count reached 77,737 in 2000 and 95,290 in 2010, making Lewisville one of the 25 fastest-growing cities in the United States in terms of population.[4][2]

Geography

Lewisville is located at 33°2′18″N 97°0′22″W / 33.03833°N 97.00611°W / 33.03833; -97.00611 (33.038316, -97.006232)[42] at an elevation of about 550 feet (170 m). The city has a total area of 42.47 square miles (110.0 km2), of which 36.4 square miles (94 km2) is land and 6.072 square miles (15.73 km2) is water.[42] It is situated at the southern end of Denton County and the northern end of the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex. It is located in the eastern part of the Cross Timbers area of Texas between the Texas Blackland Prairies and the Grand Prairie.[5] It also includes part of a riparian zone that encompasses a southeastern portion of the city.[43] Although physical geography is not extremely varied in North Texas, significant geographical features include Lewisville Lake, the Elm Fork of the Trinity River, and two local tributaries of the Elm Fork, Prairie Creek and Timber Creek. Vista Ridge, a small plateau, is in the southeast corner of Lewisville. The lowest part of Denton County, at 484 feet (148 m), is located in Lewisville.[44] The city is located on the Barnett Shale, a geological formation containing a large amount of natural shale gas.[45]

Climate and weather

Lewisville's climate is classified as humid subtropical. Its Köppen climate classification is Cfa, meaning that it has a temperate climate, does not have a dry season, and has a hot summer.[46] According to the United States Department of Agriculture, Lewisville is located in a Hardiness zone of 8a.[47] The city is not frequently affected by extreme weather, but in 1961, Hurricane Carla brought 86 miles per hour (138 km/h) winds and 6 feet (1.8 m) swells from Lewisville Lake.[48] Although the National Weather Service has no official borders for the term, Lewisville is considered to be a part of the area commonly referred to as "Tornado Alley".[49]

Climate data for Lewisville, Texas
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 90
(32) 		96
(36) 		99
(37) 		102
(39) 		107
(42) 		108
(42) 		113
(45) 		113
(45) 		111
(44) 		103
(39) 		99
(37) 		89
(32) 		113
(45)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 50.3
(10.2) 		56.3
(13.5) 		61.6
(16.4) 		68.3
(20.2) 		77.9
(25.5) 		83.9
(28.8) 		90.3
(32.4) 		89.7
(32.1) 		84.2
(29.0) 		69.8
(21.0) 		61.6
(16.4) 		51.8
(11.0) 		90.3
(32.4)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 32.4
(0.2) 		36.0
(2.2) 		50.1
(10.1) 		58.4
(14.7) 		66.9
(19.4) 		76.1
(24.5) 		79.0
(26.1) 		78.2
(25.7) 		67.5
(19.7) 		56.9
(13.8) 		46.0
(7.8) 		32.9
(0.5) 		32.4
(0.2)
Record low °F (°C) −3
(−19) 		−2
(−19) 		5
(−15) 		23
(−5) 		35
(2) 		48
(9) 		51
(11) 		52
(11) 		36
(2) 		16
(−9) 		10
(−12) 		0
(−18) 		−3
(−19)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 1.94
(49) 		2.55
(65) 		2.82
(72) 		3.30
(84) 		5.41
(137) 		3.29
(84) 		2.53
(64) 		2.26
(57) 		3.35
(85) 		4.81
(122) 		2.87
(73) 		2.66
(68) 		37.79
(960)
Average snowfall inches (cm) .2
(0.51) 		.5
(1.3) 		.1
(0.25) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		.3
(0.76) 		1.1
(2.8)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 6.7 6.1 7.0 7.1 8.4 6.4 4.4 4.7 5.8 6.8 6.8 6.5 76.7
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) .4 .2 .1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .1 .2 1
Source: NOAA (1971–2000)[50]

Surrounding municipalities

Parks and recreation

Lewisville Lake Park

Main article: Lewisville Lake
A sunset across a lake.
Lewisville Lake Park is a major recreational hub of the area.

Lewisville Lake Park comprises 662 acres (2.68 km2), which the city leases from the United States Army Corps of Engineers. The park includes various amenities, including athletic fields and designated campgrounds. The Lewisville Fishing Barge, an indoor–outdoor fishing facility that opened in 1958, is located on the lake.[48][51] The park also hosts the Rick Neil Invitational, a cross country running meet organized each year by the Lewisville High School track and field team.[52]

Toyota of Lewisville Railroad Park

Using the revenue from a quarter-cent sales tax increase, Lewisville built the $20 million Railroad Park in 2009, the largest capital project in the city’s history at the time. In 2010, the city reached a deal worth $1.5 million to rename the park Toyota of Lewisville Railroad Park. The park is unlike most of its kind in the area. Amenities include a a baseball/softball complex, a football complex, eight lighted soccer fields, two concession buildings, a perimeter walking/jogging trail, and three man-made lakes. It also includes a dog park as well as a skatepark.[53] In 2010 and 2011, the skatepark hosted the Scion Regional Amateur Tour, part an annual series of six skateboarding competitions held across the country.[54]

Golf

Lewisville is a major hub of the Northern Golf Corridor of the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex and is sometimes referred to as the "golf mecca" of the area.[55] Courses and facilities located in the city include the Hank Haney Golf Ranch at Vista Ridge,[56] the Lakes at Castle Hills,[55] Timbercreek Golf Center,[57] the Arnold Palmer Golf Academy, and Lake Park Golf Course. The city is also home to professional golfer Chad Campbell, winner of the 2003 Tour Championship,[58] and Jimmy Johnson, caddie to professional golfers Nick Price, Michelle Wie, Steve Stricker, and Charles Howell III.[59] In February 2011, Golf Digest listed Cool Clubs in Lewisville as one of the top 100 clubfitters in the country.[60]

Proposed park system

In 2011, the Lewisville Park Board proposed a new master plan for the city's parks and recreation facilities. The plan contains a major overhaul of the city's trail system, which would include 51 miles (82 km) of off-street trails, 50 miles (80 km) of enhanced sidewalks, 50 miles (80 km) of bike routes, a 7.4-mile (11.9 km) paddling trail down the Elm Fork of the Trinity River, and 31 major and minor trailheads throughout the area, many of which would connect to other trail networks. The plan also includes numerous crossings across Interstate 35E to minimize safety risk for pedestrians.[61] The city currently has a system of linear trails spanning approximately 14 miles (23 km).[62] In March 2012, the city's park board began reviewing the new park plan, which addresses the next ten years of park development in the city.[63]

Arts and cultural life

MCL Grand Theater

An outdoor foyer of a building that says "Grand Theater" across the front.
Main foyer of the Medical Center of Lewisville Grand Theater, which opened in 2011[64]

The Medical Center of Lewisville Grand Theater, known informally as the MCL Grand, is located on the east side of Interstate 35E in Old Town Lewisville. The facility functions as a hub for the arts in Lewisville with its ability to show films, host meetings, and feature other artistic performances in various mediums. The project began in 2004, when community leaders decided to fulfill a long-term goal of building a center for the arts that would coincide with the opening of the new Old Town A-train station in 2011.[65] The city hosted the grand opening of the facility in January 2011 with a series of performances, children’s shows, and ballet recitals.[64] On the final day of the festivities, the Greater Lewisville Arts Alliance presented the theater with a $25,000 contribution from the organization, beginning their fundraiser to place a Steinway & Sons piano in the venue.[65] In 2011, the MCL Grand was named the best events venue in Denton County.[66]

Libraries

The entrance of a building with a glass front.
Front of the Lewisville Public Library building, which opened in 2006

The city government created the Lewisville Public Library in 1968 when it named Cindy Bennett as its first library director. A 5,000 square feet (460 m2) structure was built where the current city hall stands. In 1986, the city built a new library facility as part of the municipal building on Main Street. In 2001, Lewisville voters approved a 4B tax package, part of which was dedicated to building a new library facility.[67] The $11 million renovation opened in 2006.[68] The children's wing of the new facility was dedicated to Bennett.[69] The library received the Achievement of Excellence in Libraries Award in 2006 and 2009.[70] As of 2012, Lewisville is also the official home of the George W. Bush Presidential library.[71]

Media

Residents are generally served by media outlets from the Dallas area, but a number of niche publications focus on community news. In 1962, The Lewisville Enterprise merged with The Lewisville Leader. The paper's publisher and editor at the time, U.O. Clements, was a staunch conservative, but vociferously supported the integration of Lewisville Independent School District. As a result, he received many anonymous threats from members of the Ku Klux Klan.[72] The paper was sold to a corporation in 1971.[73] In 2012, 1013 Communications purchased Star Newspapers, which owned the Leader.[74] The newspaper is based in Plano. In 2011, the Lewisville City Council designated the Lewisville portion of Neighborsgo, a weekly section of The Dallas Morning News, as the city's official newspaper of record.[75] In December 2011, Lewisville resident Stephen Southwell unveiled a redesign of his local news blog, naming it The Lewisville Texan Journal. The online-only publication allows residents and guest writers to post news, views, and events beside regular news articles.[76]

Government

Since 1963, the City of Lewisville has operated as a home rule city under a Council–manager style of municipal government. Residents elect six at-large members to serve on the City Council, including a mayor. The mayor does not vote on issues that come before the council except in the case of a tie. Members are elected to three-year terms and are not term-limited.[77] Council elections in Texas are nonpartisan.[78] In the fiscal year 2011–2012, the city government had a total operating budget of $105,916,940.[79] Lewisville has the lowest property tax rate in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex.[80] In 2011, the Fitch Group upgraded the city's general obligation bond rating from "AA+" to "AAA".[81]

National and state representation

Lewisville is located within the 26th Congressional district in Texas, which is represented by Representative Michael C. Burgess in the United States House of Representatives. As of 2012, the city is represented by Jane Nelson in District 12 of the Texas Senate.[82] The city is split between two Texas House of Representatives districts, including the 63rd District, represented by Tan Parker, and the 65th District, formerly represented by Burt Solomons.[83]

Police and fire

refer to caption
The Steve M. MacFadden Jr. Law Enforcement Center, named for the former chief of police who served in that position from 1977 to 2007[84]

As late as 1977, the Lewisville Police Department had 27 sworn police officers, but that number increased to 136 by 2007.[84] As of 2012, there were 201 full time employees of the city's police department, four of which are classified as administration.[85] The department had 95 police vehicles in operation.[86] The Lewisville Fire Department had 135 full time employees, six of which are considered administration.[85] Until 2011, the fire department was led by Chief Rick Lasky, who now works as a consultant and motivational speaker.[87] After the September 11 attacks, Lasky and the fire department attracted national attention when they raised a large amount of donations for victims' families. In 2004, as a reward for their fundraising, John Travolta, Joaquin Phoenix, and Robert Patrick visited the fire department to promote the release of the film Ladder 49.[88] In May 2011, Lewisville residents approved a sales tax increase to create two public safety districts, the revenue from which will fund investments in the city's police and fire departments.[89] Both the police and fire departments use a Google Apps mapping system for mobile information about city infrastructure, school floor plans, and occupancy information.[90]

Transportation

Highways

The primary freeway running through Lewisville is Interstate 35E, which runs north–south through the city. Prior to its construction, US Highway 77, which is now Mill Street, functioned as the primary thoroughfare, connecting the city with Denton to the north and Dallas to the south.[29] In 1998, the Texas Department of Transportation performed a Major Investment Study to examine the possibility of expanding the portion of Interstate 35E from Interstate 635 to U.S. Route 380.[91] The primary focus of the expansion in the city is an eight mile stretch from Lewisville Lake to Texas State Highway 121.[92] As of March 2012, the project was scheduled to add one general purpose lane in each direction, in addition to managed toll lanes.[93]

Lewisville also encompasses most of Farm to Market Road 3040, which traverses the city running east–west towards Flower Mound and Carrollton.[94] Farm to Market Road 407 traverses east–west across the northern portion of the city, as does Farm to Market Road 1171, known in the city as Main Street.[95]

Rail

Photograph of a commuter rail stop.
The A-train station in Old Town Lewisville, opened in 2011

Lewisville is a member of the Denton County Transportation Authority (DCTA). In 2011, the Old Town and Hebron stations in Lewisville opened as commuter rail stops along the route of DCTA's A-train. The route continues north to Denton and south to Trinity Mills Station in Carrollton, where commuters can board the Dallas Area Rapid Transit (DART) Green Line to Dallas.[96]

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
1930853—
19408732.3%
19501,51673.7%
19603,956160.9%
19709,264134.2%
198024,273162.0%
199046,52191.7%
200077,73767.1%
201095,29022.6%
Sources: [97][98][99] [2]

As of the 2010 United States Census, the city had a total population of 95,290, including 37,496 households and 23,417 families. The racial makeup of the city was 65.3% White, 11.2% African American, 0.7% Native American, 7.8% Asian, 11.3% from other races, and 3.2% from two or more races. 29.2% of the all races were considered of Hispanic or Latino descent. Of the 37,496 households, 35.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them. The average household size was 2.53 persons and the average family size was 3.21 persons. The median age was 30.9 years.[2]

Economy

Between 2006 and 2010, the median income for a household in Lewisville was $54,771. The per capita income for the city was $24,703. About 8.7% of the population was below the poverty line, which is approximately half of the Texas state average of 16.8%.[2] The city's top employers include JPMorgan Chase, Lewisville Independent School District, and Vista Ridge Mall.[100] Although the city's economy is relatively diverse, a number of industries have become prevalent. Automobile dealerships have flourished in the city, including Huffines Auto Dealerships and Village Auto Group, which was ranked as one of the top "Powerhouses of the New Economy" by Black Enterprise in 2000.[101] Because of the city's proximity to Dallas and Fort Worth, a number of food distribution companies have branches in Lewisville, including Sysco and Meadowbrook Meat Company (MBM). In 2000, Fleming Companies, one of the United States' largest food distribution companies, relocated to Lewisville, but in 2003, the company filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy after the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission announced that the company had been hiding massive losses.[102]

Notes

  1. ^ a b Hervey 2002, p. 26.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g QuickFacts 2011.
  3. ^ GNIS 1979.
  4. ^ a b Aasen 2010.
  5. ^ a b c Capace 1999, p. 437.
  6. ^ a b c Cole-Jett 2011, p. 9.
  7. ^ Cowling 1936, p. 16.
  8. ^ Bates 1918, p. 29.
  9. ^ Bates 1918, p. 31.
  10. ^ Cole-Jett 2011, p. 7.
  11. ^ Cole-Jett 2011, p. 48.
  12. ^ Southwell 2011a.
  13. ^ Bridges 1978, p. 94.
  14. ^ Bates 1918, p. 278.
  15. ^ Bridges 1978, p. 121.
  16. ^ Bridges 1978, p. 147.
  17. ^ Bates 1918, p. 172.
  18. ^ Gammel 1898, p. 595.
  19. ^ Bates 1918, p. 146.
  20. ^ Foster 1888, p. 55.
  21. ^ GLCT 2006.
  22. ^ Bridges 1978, p. 367.
  23. ^ Cole-Jett 2011, p. 25.
  24. ^ Degan 1991, pp. 21–23.
  25. ^ Bridges 1978, p. 371.
  26. ^ Almanac 1912, p. 279.
  27. ^ Cole-Jett 2011, pp. 27–32.
  28. ^ Bridges 1978, p. 287.
  29. ^ a b Odom 1996, p. 69.
  30. ^ Tunnell, Moore & Minor 1925, p. 15.
  31. ^ Moynihan 2007, p. 6.
  32. ^ Cochran 1992, p. 15.
  33. ^ Cole-Jett 2011, p. 52.
  34. ^ Riddell 1934.
  35. ^ Cole-Jett 2011, p. 99.
  36. ^ Almanac 1964, pp. 553–554.
  37. ^ Wilonsky 2011.
  38. ^ Lewis 2011.
  39. ^ Cole-Jett 2011, p. 125.
  40. ^ Miskura 1990, p. 95.
  41. ^ Lewisville COC 1991, p. 136.
  42. ^ a b Gazateer 2011.
  43. ^ Sales 2007, p. 6.
  44. ^ Cowling 1936, p. 62.
  45. ^ Hundley 2011a.
  46. ^ Peel, Finlayson & McMahon 2007, p. 1636.
  47. ^ USDA 2012.
  48. ^ a b Cole-Jett 2011, p. 109.
  49. ^ NCDC 2012.
  50. ^ NOAA 2011.
  51. ^ McQuarrie 1988, p. 209.
  52. ^ Aldaco 2010.
  53. ^ Smith 2010b.
  54. ^ Rat 2011.
  55. ^ a b Holland 2001.
  56. ^ Dodson 2010, p. 8.
  57. ^ Mendez 2004.
  58. ^ Valiante & Stachura 2005.
  59. ^ Bonk 2009.
  60. ^ Carney 2011.
  61. ^ Hughes, Wood & Witte 2011, pp. 73–92.
  62. ^ Hughes, Wood & Witte 2011, p. 64.
  63. ^ Lundy 2012.
  64. ^ a b Goodwin 2011a.
  65. ^ a b Goodwin 2011b.
  66. ^ Rodriguez 2011.
  67. ^ Eaken 2008.
  68. ^ Hixson 2006.
  69. ^ Eaken 2009.
  70. ^ Smith 2010a.
  71. ^ Ginsberg & Lunder 2010, p. 3.
  72. ^ Pareti 2000, pp. 40–46.
  73. ^ Pareti 2000, p. 50.
  74. ^ Mann 2012.
  75. ^ Heinze 2011b.
  76. ^ Southwell 2011b.
  77. ^ Heinze 2011a.
  78. ^ Brown et al. 2011, p. 99.
  79. ^ King 2011, p. 71.
  80. ^ Sharp 2010, p. 95.
  81. ^ Fitch 2011.
  82. ^ TXmap 2012a.
  83. ^ TXmap 2012b.
  84. ^ a b Burgess 2007, p. 1356.
  85. ^ a b King 2011, pp. 148–149.
  86. ^ King & Martin 2012, p. 200.
  87. ^ Lasky 2006.
  88. ^ Fire 2009.
  89. ^ Goodwin 2011c.
  90. ^ Google 2011.
  91. ^ Askari 2009.
  92. ^ Reinecke 2012, p. 10.
  93. ^ Lewis 2012.
  94. ^ 3040 1995.
  95. ^ Mapbook 2010.
  96. ^ Hundley 2011b.
  97. ^ Almanac 1968, p. 175.
  98. ^ Almanac 1972, p. 163.
  99. ^ Byrd 2011.
  100. ^ King & Martin 2012, p. 197.
  101. ^ Gite 2000, p. 149.
  102. ^ Markham 2006, p. 374.

References

Academic articles
  • Cochran, Mike (1992). "The Interurban in Denton" (PDF). The Denton Review. IV (1). Historical Society of Denton County: 11–16. Retrieved 2011-10-23. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Moynihan, Colleen (2007). An Environmental Justice Assessment of the Light Rail Expansion in Denton (M.S. thesis). University of North Texas. OCLC 191515175. Retrieved 2011-10-26. {{cite thesis}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  • Pareti, Tim (2000). The First Century of the Lewisville Leader (M.S. thesis). Texas A&M University–Commerce. Retrieved 2011-11-01. {{cite thesis}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  • Peel, T. A.; Finlayson, B. L.; McMahon (2007). "Updated World Map of the Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification" (PDF) (11). Copernicus Publications: 1633–1644. Retrieved 2012-04-21. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Invalid |ref=harv (help); More than one of |first1= and |first= specified (help)
  • Sales, Joshua (2007). Determining the Suitability of Functional Landscapes and Wildlife Corridors Utilizing Conservation GIS Methods in Denton County, Texas (M.S. thesis). University of North Texas. OCLC 191674292. Archived from the original on 2010-01-01. Retrieved 2012-04-16. {{cite thesis}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
Books
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