Artificial enzyme: Difference between revisions
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{{for|enzyme mimic|enzyme mimic}} |
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[[Image:Artificial enzyme.jpg|thumb|310px| Schematic drawing of artificial phosphorylase]] |
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An '''artificial enzyme''' is a synthetic, organic molecule prepared to recreate the active site of an enzyme. |
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[[Enzyme]] catalysis of chemical reactions occur with high selectivity and rate in a small part of the enzyme macromolecule known as the [[active site]]. There, the binding of a [[substrate (biochemistry)|substrate]] close to [[functional group]]s in the enzyme causes [[catalysis]] by so-called proximity effects. It is therefore possible to create similar catalysts from small molecule mimics of [[enzyme]] active sites by combining, in a small molecule, the ability to bind substrate with catalytic functional groups. Since the artificial enzymes need to bind molecules, they are made based on a host-molecule such as a [[cyclodextrin]], [[crown ethers]] or [[calixarene]] etc. |
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A number of artificial enzymes have been reported catalysing various reactions with rate increases up to 10<sup>3</sup>; this is nevertheless substantially lower than natural enzymes that typically causes rate increases above 10<sup>6</sup>. One of the pioneers in artificial enzyme research is chemist [[Ronald Breslow]]. |
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New approaches based on [[amino acid]]s or [[peptide]]s as characteristic molecular moieties have led to a significant expansion of the field of artificial enzymes or enzyme mimics. For instance, recent results by the group of Rob Liskamp[http://www.pharm.uu.nl/ffwuk.htm?/medchem/] have shown that scaffolded histidine residues can be used as mimics of certain [[metalloproteins]] and -enzymes. Especially the structural mimicry of certain [[copper proteins]] (e.g. [[hemocyanin]], [[tyrosinase]] and [[catechol oxidase]]), containing so-called type-3 copper binding sites, has been shown. This is a significant improvement since the use of scaffolded histidine residues is one step closer to the mimicry of enzymes by biological relevant species such as amino acids and peptides[http://www.rsc.org/Publishing/Journals/CC/article.asp?doi=b709400k]. |
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[[Category:Enzymes]] |
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[[ja:人工酵素]] |
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[[pl:Sztuczny enzym]] |
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[[zh:人工酶]] |
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Revision as of 17:19, 29 October 2008
enzymes help us eat foods... weee